Software development methodologies provide structure to how teams build software. Two of the most common approaches are Waterfall and Agile, and each has strengths depending on the context.

Waterfall in a nutshell

Waterfall is a sequential model. First, requirements are gathered, then designs are created, then development begins, followed by testing and deployment. Each step flows into the next like a waterfall. It’s easy to manage, predictable, and works best when the end goal is crystal clear.

Agile in a nutshell

Agile breaks work into short, iterative cycles called “sprints.” Instead of delivering the full product at the end, teams deliver small increments of functionality every few weeks. This allows for flexibility: requirements can evolve, and customer feedback is incorporated early and often.

Key differences

  • Flexibility: Agile welcomes change, while Waterfall discourages it.
  • Delivery: Agile delivers value continuously; Waterfall delivers only at the end.
  • Risk: Agile spreads risk across iterations; Waterfall assumes all risk until completion.

The takeaway: understanding both methodologies helps teams choose the right approach for their unique situation.